吐哈盆地侏罗系煤岩天然气区块位于山前高陡构造,地层倾角大,地质条件复杂,为国内陆地埋藏最深的煤岩气气藏,煤层水平井钻探技术在该领域尚属空白,钻井过程中“斜、慢、阻、卡”矛盾突出,亟须开展煤岩气水平井钻完井技术研究。为此,针对井身结构优化、井眼轨道优化、防斜打快技术、煤层坍塌机理、水平段安全钻完井开展了深入分析研究,柯新1H先导试验结果表明：①大三层井身结构可以满足水平井安全钻进,但具有较大的优化潜力;②垂直钻井技术在2 500 m以浅的煤上地层应用效果佳,为中上部地层防斜打快提供了技术手段;③技术套管下深的确定是关键,是保障水平段能否成功实施的基本条件;④水平段通过多靶点轨道设计、随钻岩性追踪、无扶单弯螺杆+缩小底部钻具外径、双向通井工具、强抑制强封堵钻井液等手段降低卡钻风险,在煤层起伏变化大的情况下,确保了千米长水平段钻进与下套管作业顺利实施。
The Jurassic coal measure gas block in Tuha Basin is located in a piedmont high-steep structure with large formation dip and complex geological conditions. It is the coal measure gas reservoir onshore in China with the deepest burial depth. However, the technology of horizontal-well drilling is still blank in such reservoir, and there exist some prominent problems during this drilling, namely well deviation, slow ROP, drilling drag and sticking. It is urgent to study horizontal-well drilling and completion technologies for these sort of gas reservoirs. Thus, some studies were conducted from aspects of casing program and borehole trajectory optimization, deviation control and faster drilling techniques, and safe drilling and completion in horizontal intervals. A pilot test on KX1H well reveals that (i) the three-section casing program facilitates the safe horizontal-well drilling, while it can be further optimized; (ii) with better performance in some coal measure reservoirs less than 2,500 m in depth, the vertical drilling technology provides a means for deviation control while fast drilling in middle and upper strata; (iii) as a basic condition, to ascertain the casing setting depth is critical for success drilling in horizontal intervals; and (iv) such tools of multi-target trajectory design, tracking lithology while drilling, single-bending screw drilling without centralizer + shrinking out diameter of BHA, bi-directional pigging means, and high-inhibition and high-plugging drilling fluid can be used to reduce sticking risks in these intervals, thereby to ensure casing while drilling in good order in those horizontal intervals over 1,000 m.
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