天然气勘探与开发 >
2023 , Vol. 46 >Issue 4: 1 - 12
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12055/gaskk.issn.1673-3177.2023.04.001
本期视点
四川盆地二叠、三叠系构造—沉积特征及有利勘探区带
- 文龙 ,
- 张本健 ,
- 陈骁 ,
- 徐亮 ,
- 马华灵 ,
- 彭瀚霖
展开
- 1.中国石油西南油气田公司
2.中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院
文龙,男,1977年生,高级工程师,博士;主要从事天然气勘探地质综合研究及管理工作。地址：（610051）四川省成都市府青路一段3号。E-mail:wenlong@petrochina.com.cn
修回日期: 2023-11-06
网络出版日期: 2023-12-20
基金资助
国家科技重大专项下属课题“四川盆地二叠系—中三叠统天然气富集规律与目标评价”（编号：2016ZX05007-004）,中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“四川盆地二、三叠系天然气富集区带评价”（编号：2016E-0603）、中国石油西南油气田科技项目“四川盆地二叠系构造沉积演化特征及勘探区带评价研究”（编号：20230301-04）
Permian and Triassic in Sichuan Basin：Tectono-sedimentary characteristics and favorable exploration belts
- WEN Long ,
- ZHANG Benjian ,
- CHEN Xiao ,
- XU Liang ,
- MA Hualing ,
- PENG Hanlin
Expand
- 1. PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China;
2. Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China;
Revised date: 2023-11-06
Online published: 2023-12-20
摘要
针对二叠系的构造—沉积演化过程复杂、有利相带展布格局恢复困难及有利勘探区带不明朗等问题,利用近年新的二维和三维地震资料、盆缘野外及盆内钻井、录井资料,开展四川盆地二叠系构造沉积演化的系统研究,探索主要构造运动的响应特征及影响因素,建立各组、段之间的连续沉积演化关系,明确多套目的层系的有利沉积相带展布,为有利勘探区带的优选提供重要支撑。通过地质特征综合分析,认为：①二叠系沉积前古地貌、二叠纪拉张构造背景、地幔柱隆升及火山喷发等多种因素,造成了二叠系构造沉积分异;②四川盆地二叠纪表现为区域拉张构造动力背景,属克拉通裂陷盆地沉积体系,控制了多个层系边缘礁滩相带的展布,为发育规模岩性圈闭群奠定了基础;③三叠纪早期继承了二叠纪末期沉积格局,并受盆地边缘古陆、岛链、水下隆起影响,整体呈现填平补齐的特征,属克拉通坳陷盆地沉积体系,滩体受微地貌控制呈垂向加积、侧向进积的特点,平面上在清水台地区大面积席状展布;④基于构造—沉积背景分析以及二维和三维地震资料的综合应用,明确了栖霞组“一缘两环带”,茅口组“一隆一缘”,长兴组“三隆三洼”,飞仙关组“三隆成滩、三洼补齐”等主要沉积面貌。综合含油气地质条件分析,指出川西地区栖霞组台缘带及川中—蜀南地区台内高带,剑阁—南充—石柱地区茅口组台缘带,开江—梁平地区海槽及蓬溪—武胜—石柱地区浅水陆棚长兴组边缘礁滩等,是四川盆地二叠、三叠系的主要勘探领域和方向。
本文引用格式
文龙 , 张本健 , 陈骁 , 徐亮 , 马华灵 , 彭瀚霖 . 四川盆地二叠、三叠系构造—沉积特征及有利勘探区带[J]. 天然气勘探与开发, 2023 , 46(4) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.12055/gaskk.issn.1673-3177.2023.04.001
Abstract
The Permian system in Sichuan Basin is complex in tectono-sedimentary evolution, creating difficulties in restoring the distribution of favorable facies zones and uncertainties in favorable exploration belts. So, through the latest 2D and 3D seismic data as well as drilling and mud-logging data in and around the basin, this evolution was investigated systematically to identify response characteristics and influential factors of major tectonic movements. The relationship of continuous sedimentary evolution was established to every formation and member and the distribution of favorable facies zones with multiple targets was defined to provide an important support for optimizing the favorable exploration belts. After the comprehensive analysis on geological characteristics, it is revealed that (i) multiple factors, including ancient landform before the Permian deposition, and tensile tectonic setting, mantle plume uplift and volcanic eruption in the Permian, affect the tectonic-sedimentary differentiation of the Permian; (ii) representing a regional tensile tectonic setting, the Permian in Sichuan Basin was a sedimentary system of cratonic rifted basin, which controlled the distribution of bioreef-beach facies zones on the margin of multiple strata, laying a foundation for the development of massive lithologic traps; (iii) in the early Triassic, the basin inherited the sedimentary pattern in the late Permian, and exhibited one feature of filling and leveling up due to some effects, for example, ancient land, island chain and underwater uplift at the basin margin. It was a sedimentary system of cratonic depression basin, whose beaches in vertical and lateral accretion might be controlled by microgeomorphology and presented large-scale sheet-like distribution in Qingshuitai area in plane; and (iv) dependent on the analysis of tectono-sedimentary setting and the comprehensive application of 2D and 3D seismic data, the main sedimentary features were defined, such as “one margin and two ribbons” in Qixia Formation, “one uplift and one margin” in Maokou Formation, “three uplifts and three depressions” in Changxing Formation, and “three uplifting forming beaches and three depressions filling and leveling up” in Feixianguan Formation. In addition, the analysis of petroleum geology points that the main exploration domains and prospects of Permian and Triassic in Sichuan Basin will focus on the platform margin zone of Qixia Formation in western basin, the intraplatform highland zone in central-southern basin, the platform margin zone of Maokou Formation in Jian’ge-Nanchong-Shizhu area, the trough in Kaijiang-Liangping area, and the bioreef-beach on the edge of Changxing Formation in shallow shelf of Pengxi-Wusheng-Shizhu area.
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[2] 陈宗清. 论四川盆地下古生界5次地壳运动与油气勘探[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2013, 18(5): 15-23.
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[3] 黄福喜. 中上扬子克拉通盆地沉积层序充填过程与演化模式[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2011.
HUANG Fuxi.Filling process and evolutionary model of sedimentary sequence in middle-upper Yangtze cratonic basin[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2011.
[4] 刘树根, 文龙, 宋金民, 等. 四川盆地中二叠统构造—沉积分异与油气勘探[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 49(4): 385-413.
LIU Shugen, WEN Long, SONG Jinmin, et al.Sedimentary topography and tectonic differentiation on the Middle Permian platform and hydrocarbon exploration in Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2022, 49(4): 385-413.
[5] 罗志立. 峨眉地裂运动和四川盆地天然气勘探实践[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2009, 30(4): 419-424.
LUO Zhili.Emei taphrogenesis and natural gas prospecting practices in Sichuan Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2009, 30(4): 419-424.
[6] 王兴志, 李博, 杨西燕, 等. 四川盆地北部中二叠世晚期“广元—旺苍”海槽特征及其油气地质意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(3): 562-574.
WANG Xingzhi, LI Bo, YANG Xiyan, et al.Characteristics of “Guangyuan-Wangcang” trough during late Middle Permian and its petroleum geological significance in northern Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(3): 562-574.
[7] 高平, 李双建, 何治亮, 等. 四川盆地广元-梁平古裂陷构造-沉积演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 784-799.
GAO Ping, LI Shuangjian, HE Zhiliang, et al.Tectonic-sedimentary evolution of Guangyuan-Liangping paleo-rift in Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(4): 784-799.
[8] 罗志立, 孙玮, 韩建辉, 等. 峨眉地幔柱对中上扬子区二叠纪成藏条件影响的探讨[J]. 地学前缘, 2012, 19(6): 144-154.
LUO Zhili, SUN Wei, HAN Jianhui, et al.Effect of Emei mantle plume on the conditions of Permian accumulation in middle-upper Yangtze Area[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(6): 144-154.
[9] 宋谢炎, 王玉兰, 曹志敏, 等. 峨眉山玄武岩、峨眉地裂运动与幔热柱[J]. 地质地球化学, 1998(1): 47-52.
SONG Xieyan, WANG Yulan, CAO Zhimin, et al.Emeishan basalts, Emei tafrogeny and mantle plume[J]. Geology-Geochemistry, 1998(1): 47-52.
[10] 姚军辉, 罗志立, 孙玮, 等. 峨眉地幔柱与广旺—开江—梁平等拗拉槽形成关系[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2011, 32(1): 97-101.
YAO Junhui, LUO Zhili, SUN Wei, et al.Relationship between Emei mantle plume and aulacogens of Guangwang-Kaijiang-Liangping[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2011, 32(1): 97-101.
[11] 李佳欣, 房大志, 程泽虎. 川东南地区茅口组一段地质特征及天然气富集规律——以南川区块为例[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 38(4): 12-19.
LI Jiaxin, FANG Dazhi, CHENG Zehu.Geological characteristics and natural gas accumulation law of first member of Maokou Formation in Southeast Sichuan: A case study of Nanchuan block[J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 38(4): 12-19.
[12] 刘昇, 范存辉, 张本健, 等. 四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组孤峰段展布特征及其油气地质意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 993-1008.
LIU Sheng, FAN Cunhui, ZHANG Benjian, et al.Distribution characteristics of Gufeng Member of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation, eastern Sichuan Basin and its petrogeological significance[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(4): 993-1008.
[13] 李雯, 杨帅, 陈安清, 等. 川西北深层中二叠统茅口组岩相古地理及勘探意义[J]. 地球科学, 2023, 48(2): 609-620.
LI Wen, YANG Shuai, CHEN Anqing, et al.The lithofacies paleogeographic of the Middle Permian deep Maokou Formation and its significance for hydrocarbon exploration, northwestern Sichuan Basin[J]. Earth Science, 2023, 48(2): 609-620.
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