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天然气勘探与开发 >

2024 , Vol. 47 >Issue 1: 1 - 11

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12055/gaskk.issn.1673-3177.2024.01.001

资源勘探

白云岩成因模式及其对碳酸盐岩优质储层发育的影响

  • 周刚 ,
  • 阎泽昊 ,
  • 雷鼎丞 ,
  • 李琦 ,
  • 钟原 ,
  • 严威 ,
  • 张亚 ,
  • 乔艳萍 ,
  • 豆霜
展开
  • 1.中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院 四川成都 610041;
    2.中国地质大学（北京）海洋学院 北京 100083
周刚,男,1984年生,高级工程师,博士;主要从事天然气地质综合研究及勘探工作。地址：（610041）四川省成都市高新区天府大道北段 12 号。E-mail: zhougang29@petrochina.com.cn

修回日期: 2023-12-25

  网络出版日期: 2024-03-01

基金资助

国家自然科学基金（编号：U2344209）

收起

Genetic model of dolomite and its influence on development of high-quality carbonate reservoir

  • ZHOU Gang ,
  • YAN Zehao ,
  • LEI Dingcheng ,
  • LI Qi ,
  • ZHONG Yuan ,
  • YAN Wei ,
  • ZHANG Ya ,
  • QIAO Yanping ,
  • DOU Shuang
Expand
  • 1. Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China;
    2. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Revised date: 2023-12-25

  Online published: 2024-03-01

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摘要

白云岩储层在全球油气勘探与开发中占有重要地位。白云岩作为一种钙镁碳酸盐矿物,无论在海相、陆相等沉积环境,还是同生、成岩、浅埋藏和深埋藏等成岩过程中均有出现,但在现代海洋沉积中却很少发育。因此,白云岩的成因一直是国内外碳酸盐岩储层研究的难点和热点。研究结果表明：①白云岩的成因可以分为原生和次生两种,巨厚的白云岩地层多由含Mg2+的成岩流体在特定的流体动力学条件下渗透并改造前期石灰岩地层而形成;②依据白云岩形成的环境、流体动力学条件和成岩流体中离子的浓度,将白云岩的成因归纳为7种模式：蒸发泵模式、渗透回流模式、混合水模式、海水模式、埋藏模式、热液成因模式和生物成因模式;③白云石化过程对储集空间的发育产生影响,理论模式下,Mg2+的离子半径小于Ca2+,石灰岩转变为白云岩孔隙度通常会增加,但在成岩环境、新生成白云石含量和晶体结构等复杂因素的影响下,白云岩的储集空间并不一定优于石灰岩,通常白云石化过程会提升储层颗粒的抗压能力及渗透率;④优质白云岩储层成因机理表明,原始沉积环境是基础,白云石化是必要条件,白云石化之外的成岩改造是关键因素。

关键词： 白云岩; 白云石化; 成因模式; 储层特征; 结构类型

本文引用格式

周刚 , 阎泽昊 , 雷鼎丞 , 李琦 , 钟原 , 严威 , 张亚 , 乔艳萍 , 豆霜 . 白云岩成因模式及其对碳酸盐岩优质储层发育的影响[J]. 天然气勘探与开发, 2024 , 47(1) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.12055/gaskk.issn.1673-3177.2024.01.001

Abstract

Dolomite reservoir occupies a critical position in global oil and gas exploration and development. As a type of calcium magnesium carbonate mineral, dolomite occurs in both marine and continental sedimentary environments, and also in diagenetic processes such as syngenesis, diagenesis, shallow burial, and deep burial. However, it is scarce in modern marine deposits. Therefore, the genesis of dolomite has been a hot point in researches at home and abroad on carbonate reservoir. Study results are as follows: (i) The genesis of dolomite can be divided into two types: the original and the secondary. Ultra-thick dolomite formations are mostly originated from the preexisting limestones permeated and reworked by Mg2+-containing diagenetic fluids under specific hydrodynamic conditions. (ii) According to the dolomite-forming environments, hydrodynamic conditions, and the ion concentration in diagenetic fluids, the genesis of dolomite can be classified as seven models, i.e., evaporation pump, infiltration reflux, mixed water, seawater, burial, hydrothermal, and biogenic models. (iii) The process of dolomitization impacts the development of reservoir space. Under the theoretical conditions, the ionic radius of Mg2+ is smaller than that of Ca2+, and the porosity often increases when limestone transforms into dolomite. However, under the influence of complex factors such as diagenetic environment, newly generated dolomite content, and crystal structure, the reservoir space of dolomite may not necessarily be better than that of limestone. Usually, the dolomitization process improves the compressive strength and permeability of reservoir particles. (iv) The genetic mechanism of high-quality dolomite reservoir indicates that the original sedimentary environment is the fundamentation, the dolomitization is a necessary condition, and the diagenetic transformation is a key factor.

Key words： Dolomite; Dolomitization; Genetic model; Reservoir characteristics; Structural type

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